Introduction 17
Chapter 1: What we already knew about student grouping
and academic results 21
1.1. Tracking. Different schools leading to unequal opportunities 21
1.2. Streaming. Different teaching for diverse students: increasing
inequalities within schools 25
1.3. Types of Streaming in Europe 30
1.4. Heterogeneous Groups. Effects of educating diverse students
together 32
Chapter 2: How can we group students and use the available
resources to achieve academic success for
everyone? The classification of Mixture, Streaming
and Inclusion 35
2.1. Heterogeneous groups which lead to failure, and heterogeneous
groups which lead to success 35
2.2. The confusion between Mixture and Inclusion in the surveys 40
2.3. Types of Inclusion in Europe. A description of existing actions 42
Chapter 3: Education and the participation of social agents:
Promoting academic success with the community 45
3.1. The role of Family Education in overcoming social exclusion 45
3.2. Five types of Family and Community Participation in schools and
their impact on educational and social inclusion 50
Conclusions 59
Recommendations 63
